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MMOFSU LFP. WILLIAMS. 'MANUFAGTURB of VULUANIZED uyeoops. No`.4284,936. PatentedSept. 11, 1883..

Wl). 1 upf E MEI ISAAC F. WILLIAMS, onginIsron-fnnonn ISLAND.

- MANuFAcIUuVEicFVULCANIZEQD Russi-:R 'cooost *.srncI'FIeArroN. fqfmigtpafan. Le@maar@animeepeeauscucsepeemerur; frees.

.Appucation inea August 9,1883. (No model.)

To aZZ'ugwm/yl' may con/cern.- Be it knownthat-I, ISAAo F. WILLIAMS, of the town and countyof Bristol, in the State' -of Rhode Island?, have invented 'certain new 5 andv useful Improvements in the ll/Ianufactu're.I

of Vulcanized Rubber Goods; and I do hereby declare thatthe Afollowing specification, taken in connection with the 4drawings furnishedand "forming a partthereof, is a clear, true, vand 1o completedescription of my'said invention: r My said improvements relate exclusivelyto the manufacture of such well-known lines "of goods as involve-theunion by vulcaniza'- .tionof closely-piled layersof vuleanizablecoin-` pound, or layers of textile fabrics previously. 'coatedor heavily treated with such compounds; and my obj ect is to securea more uniform and reliable unionof said layers thanis.possible,' lasIbelie've-,by theemplnyinent of the methods in use prior tomy invention.`

2C)l i A It is Well knownthatjin the makingup' of g suchgoods as' rubber boots'and shoes, 'rubber clothing and Jbelting, for instance, 'the com parativel'y soft or green'rubber-coated fabrics, and also' lsheetsof compound-ina soft or green condition, are'` more orless piled flatly' one upon "another, and fsecure'd'in position by the 'normal adhesiveness Voi" the compound7 4more .or'less supplemented by the luse of rubbery cement, or 3Q a solvent, and 'that in thus piling the layersl more or less air vis, -liablet behleft andV c'oniined between ,the coincidentl surfaces, y which, when expanded bygtheheatfincident to vulcanization, prevents 4uniform adhesion of the layers, and causes'whatare called air blisters.77 It i's-,al'so Well .known than; even if tihel air be apparently-all expelled and a seem- "ingly 'perfect` preliminary union of` the. layers' mrlishedr :intervngzblieter' araira-4 v11161115157 formed' by' 'rSO 'Qfthhate gas' l'developed during the-process of a;vulcaniza' tion, and :said-1g es lld V air "comlbineilvfrej 'quently form blistrs ofjextensi've` area, which "variouslyV impair thel durabilityandfefcency of the goods: Itlhas' long been customary. 4with:rubber-worifers,

@undetected by@ .e #bulgare @para ande 0f alsyer, t0" laterally' breathe lf blle to forman `air-vent,and then to" forcethecof 5o incident surfaces" l'tocbiita f' viouslvonly possiblement formed in` thesheeted compound, or in the lcompound-coated-fabrics,and ingoods involvy .ing parts vcut 'jfroxn .patterns the .perforation may be accomplished by means of toothed outline ofthepattern to' which the parts 'were cut, so as to locate the perforations sufficiently 4is to be understood 4that vthe puncturing of the been placed upon 4another an important result accrues,-` which is notpossible when separately Y "puncture d,: .provided-the 'punetures exi-,end

believery the pres-ence; .p

siderable volume," and it doesnot in made-up. i v goods provide 'for the ventingzof gases developedduringvulcanization at points' reunote.`

from the lone or -Y'more occasional openings. 55

Now, inacfferdance'with my invention Ithor- 1 oughly puncture the layers at regular and frequent intervalsn'f space, so that when piling .aisun'iciently free vent is always afforded for the escaperof air, thereby securing a good preliminary -'1`I`1`1ion, and' also so-"that during the'f process of vulcanization both airand'gas may vhave'such frecuentas will obviate the liability of blisterSUl .This puncturing may bev per-` plates corresponding in general form with 'the remote'irom the outline edge of. the part in. each caseto enable a good edge union lof` the `part, to the Surfaceof. the layer upon whichit is applied, and alsoenableA a, smooth outline iinish. Y I -nd that pu'ctures yproperly made do not impair thev Waterproof-capacities. of

goods, because. in vulcanizing they"become, v -iinal1y, v-vvell lled; but itis-always desirable,

for the sake of proper -externalfmish,that the puncturing be done at the back Vof inner' llayers, wheneverY exposed, so as to leave the outer surface. ofouter layers intact, 4and as if no puncturing had been involved.V Although it '8 5. layers prior totheir union with other layers 'is with-in I ny invention, it is also to be underlstoodtlIat in puncturing alayer. 'after it has from the rear surface of one .layer ,wholly through that. layer land partially through `or -into the next,V lthereby causing 'integral por# tions of on'e layelto be forced bodily inte the next, andfespecially l.true fis this: when lthe maturing-points"arefslghtlylattened or bluntedf: Thisnlechanicalblendingoiiintegral portions of onej-layerwithanotheiadjaeent teV each puncture causes said integral portionsto operate as rubber stitches ortiesfsothatwhen. :l

y vulcanized the two' layere'aepartially:interiu porated with each other, and so firmly united as to render their separation practically impossible, and-the punctures thus inadepser-ve their purpose as vents for air and gas quite as' nection.

the tap or tread sole.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1A represents in surface viewa length of canvas coated with vulcanizable gum compound and punctured in accordance with vmy invention. Fig. 2 represents a sectionV of three-ply belting built up from gum-coated canvas 'perforated as in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 isa topqviewof a main solefora rubber boot, punctured in accordance with my invention for both the heel and central section of the same through a tap-sole and a heel adhesively attached thereto, with the whole applied to 'a boot. Fig. '5 is a seclss gotional view of two-layers of vulcanizable com-v pound, the upper of which is punctured, so as to force integral `portions thereof into the' lower layer. .l

Referring now to Figs. l and 2, itv isto be distinctly understood that the strip of canvas v a is well charged with rubber compound or solution, and heavily coated on both sides with 4 a' layer, b, of gum compound, and that said coated canvas is punctured or pierced, as at a',througho'ut its surface, except closely along its edge. The perforations may be accomplished immediately after the goods leave the calendar or other coating machine 'by means of apparatus involving, for instance, a reciprocatin'g plunger having its end provided with :the canvas in full width may be thus coated 'and perforated, and thereafter out into strips of proper, width; but in that case the puncturing teeth will preferably be arranged in longitudinal series, so lasfto afford intervening longitudinal spaces which are .not puncturcd, and.

v at such intervals apart as would enable strips of desired width to be cut from the punctured fabric. As seen iirv Fig. 2, when such punct- .ured strips are'piled onelupon another, as in i a belt, the perforations in each strip allow of the venting of air during the operations of piling and compression, and-'also allow of the es- '60' cape of gases during the operation ofvulcanization. It will be within .l one feature A of my' invention if the fabric be unpunctured before piling, and thereafter the pileI .be4 pu'nctured,

in which case thel latter operation can be per-v formed froniseither. or both; sides of the pile, p the length of thepiercing.points being properly proportioned to the thicknessof the pile inv by pressure from the hand. r In the lmanufacture of rubber boots andshoes my invention is of great practical value,-

Fig. 4 isa iqngitudinal.

but preferably puncturing-points in an obvious'mannen-and each case. In all cases itis' t'ofbe understood that when" tensiley strength is requisite thepunctnring-points should merelyv displacebutl Inthis connection c not cutthe textile fabric'. I .will refer to rubber clothing, whichhas is well known, frequently involves the piling of two, three, or more thicknesses of more or less heavily coatedA fabric-421s, for instance, bindings,

lapels, and re-enforces for buttons, buttony holes, die., wherein a perfect adhesion and strong, reliable union is a matter of muchimportance. InV such goods it will be undesirable for the exterior or finished surfaces togbc'disiigured by puncturing, and therefore the piercing is done from the rear surface of the goods, the length ofthepoints being less thanthethickness of the pile, and arranged withv reference to desired outline in each case upon. a handled stamp for use with a fmallet, or merely and especially in connection'with the application to the main sole of tread or tapsoles and heels. It'is well known that blisters often occur between heels and main soles,which cause the heels to be readily detached, and the same is true of tap-soles, and in neither case can thepresence of such blisters 4be determined in' the finished goods until the weakness incident. thereto'h'as been manifested y by actual use in the loss of a heel' or a tap-sole. The main soles can b e .punctured or perforated ,.-prior to the union therewith of the tap-sole or the heel,

or both.l

As seen in Fig. 3, the upper surface of the main. sole' c, composed whollyof gum compound, is perforated or punctured, as atp',

after the application of eitherthroughout its extent, save ator near the edges, v and said punctured or perforated portions have y outlines'corresponding to the general outline of the tap-sole and the heel which is to be' a'pplied thereto. If the perforating be done after theapplication of the/tap-sole or the heel, 'or

both, the puncturing-points shopld be, for the best results, long enough and slightly blunted,

so as to punch orforce integral portion'sof the layer, asindicatied in Figs-5 at ai, thus forming elastic ties which contribute to a firm and reliable union of the parts. This puncturi'ng also affords a ,release for' such air as may be.

12o vinclosed between thel coincident surfaces, and

also vents the gases-incidentate vulcanization, 2

although said upper surface of the main sole has meantime beeny applied 'and'cemented to vthe 'body of thevboot, because the air andg'ases escaping bywayof the perforations readilyi `find relief'by permeatingandpassing through the comparativelyporouslayers or mass of y rag compound d, Fig. `4f, 'which' is usually employed in that connection in "the manufacture` of rubber boots and shoes.. 'As'hereinbefore f indicated, the puncturing orperfonating suffi-v' ciently for my purpose need not and does not impair the water-.proof capacities'of the goods,

, r1. 5 c material of the main sole bodily into the lower beemis'e prior to vulcainizattio'n` the perforations serve for the exit of air during the compression of layerrupon layeigpaud duringl vulcanil :cation the gases. are also vented; vbut-after the gas has been thus vented, the compound is soft enough tocau'se' the perforations or punotures.

to lose and' be hermeticallysealed when 'the lcompound hardens -by cooling, Rubber boots and shoesl'with their tapsoles or'heels, or both, l in' accordance with my invention are sojradicallyimproved as to `serviceable durability that :hereafter made the subject Gatien for LettersPatent.- '15' i Having thus described my invention', claim :als new and desire to secure by Letters Potenturing or perforating l. The improvement in the v.inenufactu're of rubber goods involving the union by vulcani# zation of two or moreclosely-piledlayrs com-7A posed in whole or in part of vulcanizable gum compound, which consists in thoroughly punctthe main portion of one aid layers prior to'theiriunion and prior to vuloanization;:substantially as. here.'4

or more of s incident to .vuloaniz'ation' are vented from between the layers eind` a reliablel unionfthereof Obtainedsetforth.

intotheother, set forth. e e' ,i y ISAAC F'. '-WILLIAMS.

Witnesses: s v 'ANDREW R.A TBOTTER,

inbeiore. describ'dfwherebyfair and thegases" le improvement-'in the manufacture of 305-: of two 'or more layersi composed in or in` part of `.vulea'nizztble co1,ii'pound,v

and gases are gral portions 'of one layerare forced 4or punched V l 

